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Thank you.-->[[adventure (genre)|adventure]], [[magical girl]], [[romance novel|romance]], [[comedy]], [[drama]], [[fantasy]] <!--Discuss in talk page before adding or removing genres, however, keep in mind [[WP:MOS-AM#Content]]. Thank you.--> }} {{Infobox animanga/Print | type = manga | author = [[Naoko Takeuchi]] | publisher = [[Kodansha]] | publisher_en = {{flagicon|United States}} [[Tokyopop]] | demographic = ''[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]'' | magazine = [[Nakayoshi]], [[Run Run]] | magazine_en = {{flagicon|United States}} [[Mixxzine]], [[Smile (magazine)|Smile]] | first = 1992 | last = April 1997 | volumes = 18 | volume_list = List of Sailor Moon chapters }} {{Infobox animanga/Video | type = tv series | director = [[Junichi Sato]] | studio = [[Toei Animation]] | network = [[TV Asahi]] | network_en = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]], [[Seven Network]], [[Network Ten]], [[FOX Classics#Fox Kids Australia|Fox Kids]]<br /> {{flagicon|Canada}} [[YTV (TV channel)|YTV]], [[Global Television Network|Global]]<br /> {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Disney XD (UK & Ireland)|Fox Kids]]<br /> {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[TV2 (New Zealand)|TV2]]<br /> {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Jetix (UK)|Fox Kids]], [[ITV]]<br /> {{flagicon|United States}} [[USA Network]], [[Cartoon Network]], [[Television syndication|Syndication]], [[NBC]] | network_other = {{flagicon|Finland}} [[MTV3]] | first = March 7, 1992 | last = February 27, 1993 | episodes = 46 | episode_list = List of Sailor Moon episodes (season 1) }} {{Infobox animanga/Video | type = tv series | title = Sailor Moon R | director = [[Junichi Sato]] | studio = [[Toei Animation]] | network = [[TV Asahi]] | network_en = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]], [[Seven Network]], [[Network Ten]], [[FOX Classics#Fox Kids Australia|Fox Kids]]<br /> {{flagicon|Canada}} [[YTV (TV channel)|YTV]], [[Global Television Network|Global]]<br /> {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Disney XD (UK & Ireland)|Fox Kids]]<br /> {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[TV2 (New Zealand)|TV2]]<br /> {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Jetix (UK)|Fox Kids]], [[ITV]]<br /> {{flagicon|United States}} [[USA Network]], [[Cartoon Network]], [[Television syndication|Syndication]], [[NBC]] | first = March 6, 1993 | last = March 12, 1994 | episodes = 43 | episode_list = List of Sailor Moon R episodes }} {{Infobox animanga/Video | type = tv series | title = Sailor Moon S | director = [[Kunihiko Ikuhara]] | studio = [[Toei Animation]] | network = [[TV Asahi]] | network_en = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[FOX Classics#Fox Kids Australia|Fox Kids]]<br />{{flagicon|Canada}} [[YTV (TV channel)|YTV]]<br /> {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[TV2 (New Zealand)|TV2]]<br /> {{flagicon|United States}} [[Cartoon Network (United States)|Cartoon Network]] | first = March 19, 1994 | last = February 25, 1995 | episodes = 38 | episode_list = List of Sailor Moon S episodes }} {{Infobox animanga/Video | type = tv series | title = Sailor Moon SuperS | director = [[Kunihiko Ikuhara]] | studio = [[Toei Animation]] | network = [[TV Asahi]] | network_en = {{flagicon|Australia}} [[FOX Classics#Fox Kids Australia|Fox Kids]]<br /> {{flagicon|Canada}} [[YTV (TV channel)|YTV]]<br /> {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[TV2 (New Zealand)|TV2]]<br /> {{flagicon|United States}} [[Cartoon Network (United States)|Cartoon Network]] | first = March 4, 1995 | last = March 2, 1996 | episodes = 39 | episode_list = List of Sailor Moon Supers episodes }} {{Infobox animanga/Video | type = tv series | title = Sailor Stars | director = [[Takuya Igarashi]] | studio = [[Toei Animation]] | network = [[TV Asahi]] | first = March 9, 1996 | last = February 8, 1997 | episodes = 34 | episode_list = List of Sailor Stars episodes }} {{Infobox animanga/Other | title = Films | content = * ''[[Sailor Moon R: The Movie]]'' * ''[[Sailor Moon S: The Movie]]'' * ''[[Sailor Moon SuperS: The Movie]]''}} {{Infobox animanga/Other | title = [[Musical theatre|Stage musical]] series | content = [[Sailor Moon musicals|''Sailor Moon'' musicals]] (SeraMyu): 25 stage shows based on the Sailor Moon franchise were released between 1993 and 2005. }} {{Infobox animanga/Other | title = [[Tokusatsu|Live-action]] series | content = ''[[Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon]]'': a 49 episode [[live action]] series directed by [[Ryuta Tasaki]] ran from October 4, 2003, to September 25, 2004. There were also two direct-to-video releases: a [[sequel]] (Special Act), and a [[prequel]] (Act Zero). }} {{Infobox animanga/Other | title = [[Video game]]s | content = Quite a few [[Sailor Moon video games|''Sailor Moon'' video games]] have been released, mainly in Japan, with very few ever being translated into other languages. }} {{Infobox animanga/Other | title = Related series | content = * ''[[Codename: Sailor V]]'' }} {{Infobox animanga/Footer}} '''''Sailor Moon''''', known as {{Nihongo|'''''Bishōjo Senshi Sailor Moon'''''|美少女戦士セーラームーン|Bishōjo Senshi Sērā Mūn|officially translated '''''Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon'''''}}<ref>{{cite album-notes |title=Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Series Memorial Music Box |year=1998 |publisher=[[Nippon Columbia|Nippon Columbia Co., Ltd.]]}}</ref> in Japan, is a [[media franchise]] created by mangaka [[Naoko Takeuchi]]. [[Fred Patten]] credits Takeuchi with popularizing the concept of a ''[[sentai]]'' ("team") of [[magical girl]]s,<ref name=ST/><ref name =Patten/> and Paul Gravett, author of ''[[Manga: 60 Years of Japanese Comics]]'', credits the series with "revitalizing" the magical-girl [[genre]] itself.<ref name=Gravett/> ''Sailor Moon'' redefined the magical-girl genre, as previous magical girls did not use their powers to fight evil, but this has become one of the standard archetypes of the genre.<ref name=THEM/> The story of the various [[metaseries]] revolves around the reborn defenders of a kingdom that once spanned the [[solar system]], and around the evil forces that they battle. The major characters—the [[Sailor Senshi]] (literally "Sailor Soldiers"; frequently called "Sailor Scouts" in many Western versions), [[Adolescence|teenage]] girls—can transform into heroines named for the [[moon]] and [[planet]]s (Sailor Moon, Sailor Mercury, Sailor Mars, etc.). The use of "Sailor" comes from a style of girls' school uniform popular in Japan, the [[Japanese school uniform#Sailor outfit|''sērā fuku'']] ("sailor outfit"), on which Takeuchi modeled the Sailor Senshi's uniforms. The elements of [[fantasy]] in the series are heavily [[symbol]]ic and often based on [[mythology]]. ==Origin== Before the ''Sailor Moon'' [[manga]] appeared, Takeuchi had written ''[[Codename: Sailor V]]'', which centered around just one Sailor Senshi. She devised the idea when she wanted to create a cute series about girls in [[outer space]], and her editor asked her to put them in sailor ''fuku''.<ref name="Shinsouban2back"/> When ''Sailor V'' was proposed{{By whom|date=May 2010}} for adaptation into an [[anime]], the concept was modified by Takeuchi so that [[Minako Aino|Sailor V]] herself became only one member of a team. The resulting manga series merged elements of the popular magical girl genre and the [[Super Sentai|Super Sentai Series]] which Takeuchi admired,<ref name="McCarterInterview"/> making ''Sailor Moon'' one of the first series ever to combine the two. The manga resulted in spinoffs into other types of media, including a highly popular anime, as well as [[musical theatre]] productions, [[video game]]s, and a [[tokusatsu]] series. Although most concepts in the many versions overlap, often notable differences occur, and thus [[continuity (fiction)|continuity]] between the different formats remains limited. ==Story== The protagonist of ''Sailor Moon'', [[Sailor Moon (character)|Usagi Tsukino]], an ordinary ditzy [[Middle school#Japan|middle-school]] girl—or so she thinks—discovers a talking cat named [[Cats (Sailor Moon)#Luna|Luna]], who reveals Usagi's identity as "Sailor Moon," a special warrior with the destiny of saving the planet Earth, and later the entire galaxy. Usagi must now find the moon princess and protect Earth from a series of [[villain]]s, beginning with the [[Dark Kingdom]] that had appeared once before, long ago, and destroyed the [[Silver Millennium|kingdom of the moon]]. The characters in Sailor Moon awaken members of the court of the [[Silver Millennium|kingdom of the moon]], and the people dedicated to protecting it; when the dark nemesis attacked the kingdom, the Queen sent the Moon Princess, her guardians and advisors, and her true love into the future to be reborn. As Usagi and Luna battle evil and search for the Moon Princess, they meet the other Sailor Senshi, incarnations of the Moon Princess' protectors, and the mysterious Tuxedo Mask. As the series progresses, Usagi and her friends learn more and more about the enemies they face and the [[Chaos (Sailor Moon)|evil force]] that directs them. The characters' pasts are mysterious and hidden even to them, and much of the early series is devoted to discovering their true identities and pasts. Luna, who teaches and guides the Sailor Senshi, doesn't know everything about their histories either, and the Senshi eventually learn that Usagi is the real Moon Princess. The Moon Princess' mother had her reborn as a Sailor Senshi to protect her. Gradually Usagi discovers the truth about her own [[Reincarnation|past life]], her destined true [[love]], and the possibilities for the future of the [[Solar System]]. The plot spans five major [[story arc]]s, each of them represented in both the manga and anime, usually under different names: # the Dark Kingdom arc (''[[List of Sailor Moon episodes (season 1)|Sailor Moon]]'') # the Black Moon arc (''[[List of Sailor Moon R episodes|Sailor Moon R]]'') # the Mugen/Infinity arc (''[[List of Sailor Moon S episodes|Sailor Moon S]]'') # the Dream arc (''[[List of Sailor Moon Supers episodes|Sailor Moon SuperS]]'') # the Stars arc (''[[List of Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episodes|Sailor Moon Sailor Stars]]'') The anime added an additional minor arc at the start of the second series, and spent the first few episodes of ''Sailor Stars'' wrapping up the plot from the previous series. Taking place before the manga timeline, its sister series ''[[Codename: Sailor V]]'' tells the story of Sailor V, Minako Aino and her adventures during the year before Sailor Moon itself starts. Many characters from ''Codename: Sailor V'' return in ''Sailor Moon'', including Sailor V herself (under the name "Sailor Venus"). ==Characters== {{See also|List of minor Sailor Moon characters}} ;{{Nihongo|[[Sailor Moon (character)|Usagi Tsukino/Sailor Moon]]|月野 うさぎ|Tsukino Usagi}}: The main character of the series. Usagi is a carefree young girl with an enormous capacity for love, compassion and understanding. Usagi transforms into the heroine called Sailor Moon, Soldier of [[Love]] and [[Justice]]. At the beginning of the series, she is fourteen years old and portrayed as an immature crybaby who hates having to fight evil and wants nothing more than to be a normal girl. As she progresses, however, she embraces the chance to use her power to protect those she cares about. Sailor Moon wields the all powerful Silver Crystal - a family heirloom from Moon Kingdom. Linking her life force with it can maximized it to its full potential, rarely used in this fashion because the end result could possibly mean Sailor Moon's own death.<ref name="Anime Explosion! The What? Why? & Wow! of Japanese Animation">{{cite book |last=Drazen |first=Patrick |title=[[Anime Explosion! The What? Why? & Wow! of Japanese Animation]] |year=2002 | month=October |publisher=Stone Bridge Press |location=[[Berkeley, California]] |isbn=1-880656-72-8 |oclc=50898281 |pages=283–284}}</ref><ref name="Thompson">{{cite book|first=Jason|last=Thompson|title=[[Manga: The Complete Guide]]|page=309|publisher=[[Ballantine Books]] & [[Del Rey Books]]|location=New York|year=2007|isbn=978-0-345-48490-8}}</ref> ;{{Nihongo|[[Sailor Mercury|Ami Mizuno/Sailor Mercury]]|水野 亜美|Mizuno Ami}}: A quiet, fourteen-year-old [[Bibliophily|bookworm]] in Usagi's class. Highly intelligent with a rumored [[Intelligence quotient|IQ]] of 300,<ref name="vol2">{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Bishōjo Senshi Sailor Moon Volume 1 |chapter= Act 2 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= July 6, 1992 — September 5, 1996 |isbn= 4-06-178721-7}}</ref> she can transform into Sailor Mercury, Soldier of [[Water]] and [[Wisdom]]. Ami's shy exterior masks a passion for knowledge and for taking care of the people around her.<ref name = "Challenge to Hollywood"/> She hopes to become a [[physician|doctor]] one day, like her mother, and tends to be the practical one in the group. Secretly, she is also a fan of [[pop culture]] and [[romance novel]]s, and becomes embarrassed whenever this is pointed out. Ami would also be considered the "tech girl" of the group, Utilizing her mini data computer, which is capable of scanning and detecting virtually anything she needs. ;{{Nihongo|[[Sailor Mars|Rei Hino/Sailor Mars]]|火野 レイ|Hino Rei}}: An elegant, fourteen-year-old [[miko]] (shrine maiden). Because of her work as a [[Shinto]] priestess, Rei has limited [[precognition]] and can dispel/nullify evil using special [[Shinto]] scrolls, even in her civilian form.<ref name=DrazenRei>{{cite book |last=Drazen |first=Patrick |title=Anime Explosion! The What? Why? & Wow! of Japanese Animation |year=2002 | month=October |publisher=Stone Bridge Press |location=[[Berkeley, California]] |isbn=1-880656-72-8 |oclc=50898281 |pages=165–166}}</ref> She transforms into Sailor Mars, Soldier of [[Fire]] and [[Passion]]. She is very serious and focused, but although easily annoyed by Usagi's flightiness and being totally clueless, but cares about her very much. Rei is portrayed as boy-crazy in the early anime<ref name=DrazenRei/> and short-tempered throughout, but is uninterested in romance and self-controlled in both the manga and live-action series.<ref name="Act36">{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | authorlink = Naoko Takeuchi | title= Bishōjo Senshi Sailor Moon Volume 12 |chapter= Act 36 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= September 6, 1995 |isbn= 4-06-178814-0 }}</ref> She attends a private, Catholic school separate from the other girls. ;{{Nihongo|[[Sailor Jupiter|Makoto Kino/Sailor Jupiter]]|木野 まこと|Kino Makoto}}: A fourteen-year-old [[tomboy]] who transfers into Usagi's school. Very tall and very strong for a Japanese schoolgirl,<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko |authorlink=Naoko Takeuchi | title= Materials Collection |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= September 1999 |isbn= 4-06-324521-7 |page=12 }}</ref> she can transform into Sailor Jupiter, Soldier of [[Strength]] and [[Lightning]] and with some control over [[plant]]s. Both Makoto's parents died in a plane crash years ago, so she lives alone and takes care of herself. She cultivates her physical strength as well as more domestic interests, including [[housekeeping]], [[cooking]], and [[gardening]]. She wants to marry young and to own a flower-and-cake shop.<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Bishōjo Senshi Sailor Moon Volume 13 |chapter= Act 37 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= |isbn= 4-06-178820-5 }} She is renamed Lita in the English versions. </ref> ;{{Nihongo|[[Sailor Venus|Minako Aino/Sailor Venus]]|愛野 美奈子|Aino Minako}}: A fourteen-year-old perky dreamer who acted on her own as ''[[Codename wa Sailor V|Sailor V]]'' for some time.<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Codename wa Sailor V Book 1 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= December 18, 1993 |isbn= 4-06-322801-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Bishōjo Senshi Sailor Moon Volume 1 |chapter= Act 1 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= July 6, 1992, September 5, 1996 |isbn= 4-06-178721-7}}</ref> Called by her nickname Mina in the English versions, she has a companion cat called [[Cats (Sailor Moon)|Artemis]] who works alongside Luna in guiding the Sailor Senshi. Minako transforms into Sailor Venus, Soldier of [[Love]] and [[Beauty]], and leads Sailor Moon's four inner guardians. She also dreams of becoming a famous singer and [[teen idol|idol]]; she attends [[audition]]s whenever she can.<ref name="jnepisode114">{{cite episode |title=Crazy for Celebrities! Mimet, in Doubt |series= Sailor Moon |serieslink=List of Sailor Moon Super episodes |network=Toei |station=Asahi |city=Tokyo |airdate=November 19, 1994 |seriesno=3 |number=114}}</ref> In contrast, in the live-action series, she is a successful J-Pop singer (of whom Usagi and Ami are fans) and has a poor health condition, choosing to separate herself from the other Senshi as a result.<ref name="PGSM ANN"/> ;{{Nihongo|[[Chibiusa|Chibiusa/Sailor Mini Moon]]|ちびうさ}}: The future daughter of Usagi and Mamoru, around six to nine years old, Chibiusa travels from the 30th century to seek help to save her parents, then later to train with Sailor Moon to become a soldier.<ref name="Drazen Saturn"/> She learns to transform into Sailor Chibi Moon. At times she has an adversarial relationship with her mother in the 20th century,<ref name="Drazen p.284"/> as she considers herself more mature than Usagi, but as the series progresses they develop a deep bond. Chibiusa wants to grow up to become a lady like her mother.<ref name="act35">{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Bishōjo Senshi Sailor Moon Volume 12 |chapter= Act 35 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= 1995-09-06 |isbn= 4-06-178814-0 }}</ref> ;{{Nihongo|[[Tuxedo Mask|Mamoru Chiba/Tuxedo Mask]]|地場 衛|Chiba Mamoru}}: A student somewhat older than Usagi. As a young child he experienced a terrible car-accident that robbed him of his parents and of his knowledge of [[amnesia|his own identity]].<ref>''[[Sailor Moon R: The Movie]]''</ref> During the series its revealed he has a special psychic rapport with Usugi and can sense when she's in danger,<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Bishōjo Senshi Sailor Moon Volume 4 |chapter= Act 14 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= July 6, 1993, March 5, 1995 |isbn= 4-06-178753-5 }}</ref><ref name="jnepisode61">{{cite episode |title=Huge Shock for Usagi! Mamoru Declares a Break Up |series= Sailor Moon |serieslink=List of Sailor Moon R episodes |network=Toei |station=Asahi |city=Tokyo |airdate=July 3, 1993 |seriesno=2 |number=61}}</ref> which inspires him to take on the guise of Tuxedo Mask and fight alongside the Sailor Senshi when needed. After an initially confrontational relationship,<ref name=Grigsby/> he and Usagi remember their past lives together and fall in love again. ;{{Nihongo|[[Sailor Pluto*|Setsuna Meioh/Sailor Pluto]]|冥王 せつな|Meiō Setsuna}}: A mysterious woman who appears first as Sailor Pluto, the Soldier of [[Time]] and [[Space]], who has the duty of guarding the time corridor from unauthorized travelers. Only later does she appear on Earth, living as a college student. She has a distant personality and can be very stern, but can also be quite friendly and helps the younger Sailor Senshi when she can.<ref name="Drazen p.212">{{cite book |last=Drazen |first=Patrick |title=[[Anime Explosion! The What? Why? & Wow! of Japanese Animation]] |year=2002 | month=October |publisher=Stone Bridge Press |location=[[Berkeley, California]] |isbn=1-880656-72-8 |oclc=50898281 |page=212}}</ref> After so long at the Gate of Time she carries a deep sense of [[loneliness]], although she is close friends with Chibiusa. Sailor Pluto's weapon of choice is her Garnet Rod, which aids her with her power to freeze time and attacks. ;{{Nihongo|[[Sailor Neptune|Michiru Kaioh/Sailor Neptune]]|海王 みちる|Kaiō Michiru}}: A elegant and talented [[violin]]ist and painter with family money. A year older than most of the other Sailor Senshi, she can transform into Sailor Neptune, Soldier of [[Ocean]] and [[Intuition]]. She worked alone for some time before finding her partner, Sailor Uranus, with whom she fell in love.<ref name="jnepisode106">{{cite episode |title=The Bond of Destiny! The Distant Days of Uranus |series= Sailor Moon |serieslink=List of Sailor Moon Super episodes |network=Toei |station=Asahi |city=Tokyo |airdate=September 3, 1994 |seriesno=3 |number=106}}</ref> Neptune has ultimately given up her own dreams for the life of a Senshi. She is fully devoted to this duty and willing to make any sacrifice for it. Sailor Neptune's weapon of choice is her Deep Aqua Mirror, which aids her with her [[intuition]] and revealing cloaked evil. ;{{Nihongo|[[Sailor Uranus|Haruka Tenoh/Sailor Uranus]]|天王 はるか|Ten'ō Haruka}}: A good-natured, masculine-acting girl. Haruka, of an age with her partner, Michiru, transforms into Sailor Uranus, Soldier of the [[Sky]] and [[Fury]]. Before becoming a Sailor Senshi, she dreamt of being a racer, and she has excellent driving skills.<ref name="vol 10">{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | authorlink = Naoko Takeuchi | title= Bishōjo Senshi Sailor Moon Volume 10 |chapter= Back of volume |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= June 6, 1995 |isbn= 4-06-178806-X}}</ref> She tends to [[Crossdressing|dress]] and, in the anime, speak [[Androgyny|like a man]]. When it comes to fighting the enemy she distrusts outside help and prefers to work solely with Sailor Neptune and, later, Pluto and Saturn. Sailor Uranus's weapon of choice is known as the Space Sword, which aids her with her fighting and attacks. ;{{Nihongo|[[Sailor Saturn*|Hotaru Tomoe/Sailor Saturn]]|土萠 ほたる|Tomoe Hotaru}}: A sweet, lonely young girl whose name remains unchanged in the English versions, though pronounced slightly different. Daughter of a [[mad scientist]], a terrible [[laboratory]] accident in her youth significantly compromised her [[health]]. After overcoming the darkness that has surrounded her family, Hotaru is able to become the Soldier of [[Death]] and [[Rebirth]], Sailor Saturn.<ref name="Drazen Saturn">{{cite book |last=Drazen |first=Patrick |title=[[Anime Explosion! The What? Why? & Wow! of Japanese Animation]] |year=2002 | month=October |publisher=Stone Bridge Press |location=[[Berkeley, California]] |isbn=1-880656-72-8 |oclc=50898281 |pages=211–123}}</ref> Saturn shows that being damaged should not stop one from being the best one can. Indeed, her past problems mean that she now wields forces of destruction so powerful that she is rarely called upon to use them, but unlike the others, her Senshi and civilian persona seem somewhat disconnected. She is often pensive, and as a human has the inexplicable power to [[healing|heal]] others. She is the only one of the main characters to go with her name unchanged between the original Japanese and English-language localized versions. Sailor Saturn's weapon of choice is her Silence Glaive, which aids her with her power to generate barriers and the power to destroy the universe. * Note: In the mythology the Sailor Senshis' names are derived from, Pluto is the god of Death and Rebirth, whereas Saturn is time and space. There is no known explanation for the mix-up in the names. ==Adaptations== ===Manga=== [[File:SMVolume1.jpg|thumb|The first cover of the ''Sailor Moon'' manga, July 1992.]] {{See also|List of Sailor Moon chapters}} The complete original manga spans 52 chapters, known as Acts, as well as ten separate side-stories. Its main series appeared in serial form in ''[[Nakayoshi]]'', [[Kodansha]]'s ''[[shōjo manga]] Before the ''Sailor Moon'' [[manga]], Takeuchi published ''[[Codename: Sailor V]]'', which centered around just [[Sailor Venus]]. She devised the idea when she wanted to create a cute series about girls in [[outer space]], and her editor asked her to put them in sailor ''fuku''.<ref name="Shinsouban2back">{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | authorlink = Naoko Takeuchi | title= Sailor Moon Shinsouban Volume 2 |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |year= 2003 |month= September |isbn= 4-06-334777-X}}</ref> When ''Sailor V'' was proposed for adaptation into an [[anime]], the concept was modified so that [[Minako Aino|Sailor V]] herself became only one member of a team. The resulting manga series became a fusion of the popular magical girl genre, the [[Super Sentai|Super Sentai Series]], of which Takeuchi was a fan.<ref name="McCarterInterview">{{cite web | last = McCarter | first = Charles | title = Public Interview with Takeuchi Naoko | work = EX:CLUSIVE | publisher = www.ex.org | url = http://www.ex.org/3.6/13-feature_takeuchi.html | format = Q & A Interview | accessdate = 2006-11-30 }}</ref> Recurring motifs include [[astronomy]],<ref name="Shinsouban2back" /> [[astrology]], [[Greek mythology|Greek myth]],<ref name = "Grigsby"/> [[Roman mythology|Roman myth]], [[geology]], [[Classical element|Japanese elemental themes]],<ref name="Drazen p.286">{{cite book |last=Drazen |first=Patrick |title=[[Anime Explosion! The What? Why? & Wow! of Japanese Animation]] |year=2002 | month=October |publisher=Stone Bridge Press |location=[[Berkeley, California]] |isbn=1-880656-72-8 |oclc=50898281 |page=286}}</ref> teen fashions,<ref name = "Challenge to Hollywood"/><ref name = "Grigsby"/> and schoolgirl antics.<ref name = "Challenge to Hollywood"/> Talks between Takeuchi and her publishers originally envisaged only one story-arc,<ref name = Materials/> and the storyline developed in meetings a year prior to publications,<ref name="Dreamland Japan p 93"/> but having completed it, Takeuchi was asked by her editors to continue. She issued four more story-arcs,<ref name = Materials>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Materials Collection |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |year= 1999 |month= October |isbn= 4-06-324521-7}}</ref> often published simultaneously with the five corresponding anime series. The anime series would only lag the manga by a month or two.<ref name="Dreamland Japan p 93">{{cite book | last = Schodt | first = Frederik | authorlink = Frederik L. Schodt | title = [[Dreamland Japan: Writings on Modern Manga]] | publisher = Stone Bridge Press | location = Berkeley, CA | year = 1996 |page= 93 | isbn = 978-1880656235 }}</ref> The complete original manga spans 52 chapters, known as Acts, as well as ten separate side-stories. Its main series appeared in serial form in ''[[Nakayoshi]]'', [[Kodansha]]'s ''[[shōjo manga]]'' magazine, from 1991 to 1995; the side-stories were serialized in [[Kodansha]]'s ''Run Run''. Kodansha has published all the chapters and side-stories in book form. The first edition came out as the series was being produced, from 1992 through 1997,<ref name="JPVolume1">{{cite web | url = http://shop.kodansha.jp/bc2_bc/search_view.jsp?b=1787217 | title = 美少女戦士セーラームーン (1) | publisher = [[Kodansha]] | language = Japanese | accessdate = June 23, 2009}}</ref><ref name="JPVolume18">{{cite web | url = http://shop.kodansha.jp/bc2_bc/search_view.jsp?b=1788582 | title = 美少女戦士セーラームーン (18) | publisher = [[Kodansha]] | language = Japanese | accessdate = June 23, 2009}}</ref> and consisted of 18 volumes with all the chapters and side stories in the order in which they had been released. The second edition, called the ''shinsōban'' or "renewal" edition, began in 2003 during the run of the [[Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon|live-action series]].<ref name="SMShinsoVolume1">{{cite web | url = http://shop.kodansha.jp/bc2_bc/search_view.jsp?b=3347761 | title = 美少女戦士セーラームーン 新装版(1) | publisher = [[Kodansha]] | language = Japanese | accessdate = June 23, 2009}}</ref> Kodansha redistributed the individual chapters so that there are more per book, and some corrections and updates were made to the dialogue and drawings. New art was featured as well, including completely new cover art and character sketches (including characters unique to the live-action series). In all, the new edition consists of 12 story volumes and two separate short-story volumes. By the end of 1995, the thirteen ''Sailor Moon'' volumes then available had sold about one million copies each, and Japan had exported the manga to over 23 countries, including China, Mexico, Australia, most of Europe<!-- which itself consists of about 50 countries ... --> and North America.<ref name="Dreamland Japan p 95"> {{cite book | last = Schodt | first = Frederik | authorlink = Frederik L. Schodt | title = [[Dreamland Japan: Writings on Modern Manga]] | publisher = Stone Bridge Press | location = Berkeley, CA | year = 1996 |page= 95 | isbn = 978-1880656235 }} </ref> Kodansha released special [[art book]]s for each of the five story arcs, collectively called the ''Original Picture Collection''. The books contain cover art, promotional material, and other work done by Takeuchi. Many of the drawings appear accompanied by comments on how she developed her ideas, how she created each picture, whether or not she likes it, and commentary on the anime interpretation of her story.<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume I Original Picture Collection |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= August 1994 |isbn= 4-06-324507-1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume II Original Picture Collection |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= August 1994 |isbn= 4-06-324508-X}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume III Original Picture Collection |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= September 1996 |isbn= 4-06-324518-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume IV Original Picture Collection |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= September 1996 |id= ISBN ISBN 4-06-324519-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume V Original Picture Collection |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= August 1997 |isbn= 4-06-324522-5}}</ref> Another picture collection, ''Volume Infinity'', appeared in a strictly limited edition after the end of the series in 1997. This self-published artbook includes drawings by Takeuchi as well as by her friends, her staff, and many of the [[seiyū|voice-actors]] who worked on the anime. In 1999 Kodansha published the ''Materials Collection''; this contained development sketches and notes for nearly every character in the manga, as well as for some characters who never appeared. Each drawing is surrounded with notes by Takeuchi about the specifics of various costume pieces, the mentality of the characters, and her particular feelings about them. It also includes timelines for the story arcs and for the real-life release of products and materials relating to the anime and manga. At the end, the ''Parallel Sailor Moon'' short story is featured, celebrating the [[year of the rabbit]].<ref>{{cite book |last= Takeuchi |first= Naoko | title= Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Materials Collection |publisher= [[Kodansha]] |date= September 1999 |isbn= 4-06-324521-7}}</ref> ===Anime=== {{See also|List of Sailor Moon episodes}} The ''Sailor Moon'' anime, co-produced by [[TV Asahi]], Toei Agency and [[Toei Animation]], started airing only a month after the first issue of the manga was published. With 200 episodes airing from March 1992 to February 1997 on [[TV Asahi]], ''Sailor Moon'' is one of the longest magical girl anime series. The anime sparked a highly successful [[merchandising]] campaign of over 5,000 items,<ref name="Grigsby"/> which contributed to [[Supply and demand|demand]] all over the world and translation into numerous languages. ''Sailor Moon'' has since become one of the most famous anime properties in the world.<ref name="asahi05">{{cite web |publisher=[[Anime News Network]] |title=TV Asahi Top 100 Anime Part 2 |date=2005-09-23 |url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2005-09-23/tv-asahi-top-100-anime-part-2 |accessdate=2007-01-18 }}</ref><ref name="asahi06">{{cite web |publisher=[[Anime News Network]] |title=Japan's Favorite TV Anime |date=2006-10-13 |url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2006-10-13/japan's-favorite-tv-anime |accessdate=2007-01-18 }}</ref> Due to its resurgence of popularity in Japan, the series returned to the airwaves on September 1, 2009. Also, Italy is getting it rebroadcasted in northern-hemisphere autumn 2010, also getting permission from Takeuchi who will be releasing new artwork to promote.<ref name="animax2">{{cite web |publisher=[[ANIMAX]] |title=『美少女戦士セーラームーン』が9月に一挙放送！ 月野うさぎ役・三石琴乃さんの合同記者会見レポート！|url=http://www.animax.co.jp/feature/index.php?code=NN10000804 |accessdate=2009-08-22}}</ref> ''Sailor Moon'' consists of five separate arcs. The titles of the series are ''Sailor Moon'', ''Sailor Moon R'', ''Sailor Moon S'', ''Sailor Moon SuperS'' and ''Sailor Moon Sailor Stars''. Each series roughly corresponds to one of the five major story arcs of the manga, following the same general storyline and including most of the same characters.<ref name="Dreamland Japan p 93"/> There were also five special [[short subject|animated shorts]], as well as three theatrically-released movies: ''[[Sailor Moon R: The Movie]]'', ''[[Sailor Moon S: The Movie]]'', and ''[[Sailor Moon SuperS: The Movie]]''.<ref name=SMhist93/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sailormoon.channel.or.jp/ayumi/1994.html|title=セーラームーンのあゆみ 1994年|publisher=Sailormoon.Channel|language=Japanese|accessdate=2009-07-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sailormoon.channel.or.jp/ayumi/1995.html|title=セーラームーンのあゆみ 1995年|publisher=Sailormoon.Channel|language=Japanese|accessdate=2009-07-21}}</ref> The anime series uses [[traditional animation]] techniques throughout. It was directed by [[Junichi Satō|Jun'ichi Satō]], then [[Kunihiko Ikuhara]] and later [[Takuya Igarashi]] in succession. Character design was headed by [[Kazuko Tadano]], [[Ikuko Itoh]] and Katsumi Tamegai, all of whom were also [[animation director]]s. Other animation directors included Masahiro Andō, Hisashi Kagawa, and Hideyuki Motohashi.<ref name=Doi>{{cite web | url=http://www.usagi.org/doi/smoon/staff/index.html | title=Hitoshi Doi - Sailor Moon staff information | accessdate=2006-10-14}}</ref> The series sold as twenty "volumes" in Japan. By the end of 1995, each volume had sold approximately 300,000 copies.<ref name="Dreamland Japan p 95"/> There were noticeable differences between the manga and anime, including the radical personality change of Rei Hino, the toned-down focus on Mamoru Chiba in later seasons, the large emphasis on the Sailor Starlights in the final arc, the removal of several characters including Sailor Heavy Metal Papillon and Sailor Kakyuu, the inclusion of an extra 'arc' in Sailor Moon R sometimes referred to as the 'Makaiju arc', Diana's late introduction in the anime, the homosexual relationships between Zoisite and Kunzite and Michiru Kaioh and Haruka Tenoh, the personalities of the Ayakashi Sisters and the Witches 5 and the removal of Sailor Cosmos. ===Stage musicals=== {{Main|Sailor Moon musicals}} The musical stage shows, usually referred to collectively as '''SeraMyu''', were a series of live theatre productions that played over 800 performances in some 29 musicals between 1993 and 2005. The stories of the shows include anime-inspired plotlines as well as a large amount of original material. Music from the series has been released on about 20 "memorial" [[music album|albums]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sailormoon.channel.or.jp/video/02.html|title=セーラームーン ビデオ・DVDコーナー|publisher=Sailormoon.Channel.|language=Japanese|accessdate=2009-07-19}}</ref> The popularity of the musicals has been cited as a reason behind the production of the live action ''Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon'' TV series.<ref name=PGSMAF/> Musicals ran twice a year, in the winter and in the summer. In the summer, the musicals showed only in the [[Sunshine City, Tokyo|Sunshine]] Theatre in the [[Ikebukuro]] area of Tokyo; however, in the winter they went on tour to the other large cities in Japan, including Osaka, Fukuoka,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sailormoon.channel.or.jp/musical/01.html|title=これまでの公演の紹介 93サマースペシャルミュージカル 美少女戦士セーラームーン 外伝 ダーク・キングダム復活篇|publisher=Sailormoon.Channel|language=Japanese|accessdate=2009-07-21}}</ref> Nagoya, Shizuoka, Kanazawa, Sendai,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sailormoon.channel.or.jp/musical/04.html|title=これまでの公演の紹介 ９４サマースペシャルミュージカル美少女戦士セーラームーンＳうさぎ・愛の戦士への道|publisher=Sailormoon.Channel|language=Japanese|accessdate=2009-07-21}}</ref> Saga, Oita, Yamagata and Fukushima.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sailormoon.channel.or.jp/musical/06.html|title=９５スプリングスペシャルミュージカル 美少女戦士セーラームーンS 変身・スーパー戦士への道（改訂版|publisher=Sailormoon.Channel|language=Japanese|accessdate=2009-07-21}}</ref> The final incarnation of the series, {{Nihongo|The New Legend of Kaguya Island (Revised Edition)|新・かぐや島伝説 <改訂版>|Shin Kaguyashima Densetsu (Kaiteban)}}, went on stage in January 2005. Following that show, Bandai officially put the series on a [[wikt:hiatus|hiatus]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.uol.com.br/ohayo/v2.0/eventos/materias/maio24_sailormoon.shtml|title=Musicais do OhaYO! – Parte 2|last=Lobão|first=David Denis|date=May 24, 2007|publisher=[[Universo Online]]|language=Portuguese|accessdate=2009-07-24}}</ref> although the productions have not been revived since 2005 leading many fans to speculate that the series has been, for all intents and purposes, canceled. ===Live-action series=== {{Main|Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon}} The [[Tokyo Broadcasting System]] and [[Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting]] screened a ''[[tokusatsu]]'' (live-action) version of ''Sailor Moon'' from October 4, 2003 through September 25, 2004. The series, titled ''Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon'' (often shortened to "PGSM"), used an entirely English-language title for the first time in the ''Sailor Moon'' franchise. It lasted a total of 49 episodes.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sailormoon.channel.or.jp/ayumi/2003.html | archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070806114404/http://sailormoon.channel.or.jp/ayumi/2003.html | archivedate=2007-08-06 | title= Sailormoon.Channel - History of Sailor Moon | accessdate=2009-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://sailormoon.channel.or.jp/jisha/storylist_01.html | archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070617052042/http://sailormoon.channel.or.jp/jisha/storylist_01.html | archivedate=2007-06-17 | title= Sailormoon.Channel - Sailor Moon Live Action TV Corner | accessdate=2009-03-10}}</ref> Almost one thousand people applied for the parts of the five main characters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3270/is_200311/ai_n7968222/|title=Sailor Moon gets live action.(Animation Action)|accessdate=2009-07-21}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> The series' storyline more closely follows the original manga than the anime at first, but in later episodes it proceeds into a significantly different storyline from either, with original characters and new plot developments.<ref name="PGSM ANN">{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/pretty-guardian-sailor-moon|title=Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon - Review|last=Mays|first=Jonathon|date=April 6, 2004|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=2009-07-20}}</ref><ref name=PGSMAF>{{cite web|url=http://www.animefringe.com/magazine/2004/05/feature/02.php|title=Sailor Soldiers, Saban Style|last=Font|first=Dillon|date=May 2004|work=Animefringe|accessdate=2009-07-20}}</ref> In addition to the main episodes, two [[direct-to-video]] releases appeared after the show ended its [[broadcasting|television broadcast]]. These were the "Special Act", which is set four years after the main storyline ends and which shows the wedding of the two main characters, and "Act Zero", a [[prequel]] which shows the origins of [[Sailor V]] and [[Tuxedo Mask]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sailormoon.channel.or.jp/video/top.html|title=実写板DVD（TVシリーズ）|publisher=Sailormoon.Channel|language=Japanese|accessdate=2009-07-23}}</ref> ===Video games=== {{Main|Sailor Moon video games}} More than twenty ''Sailor Moon'' [[Video game console|console]] and [[arcade game|arcade]] games have appeared in Japan, all based on the anime series. [[Bandai]] and a Japanese game company called Angel (unrelated to the American-based Angel Studios, {{as of | 2010 | lc = on}} known as [[Rockstar San Diego]]) made most of them, with some produced by [[Banpresto]]. The early games were [[Beat 'em up|side-scrolling fighters]], whereas the later ones were unique [[Computer puzzle game|puzzle games]], or [[versus fighting game]]s. ''Another Story'' was a turn-based [[Computer role-playing game|role-playing game]].<ref name="gamesearch">{{cite web | url=http://www.gamefaqs.com/search/index.html?game=sailor+moon&platform=0 | title=Game Search - GameFAQs | accessdate=2009-03-11}}</ref> The only ''Sailor Moon'' game produced outside of Japan, 3VR New Media's ''The 3D Adventures of Sailor Moon'', went on sale in North America in 1997.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gamefaqs.com/computer/doswin/home/943983.html | title=The 3-D Adventures of Sailor Moon for PC - GameFAQs | accessdate=2009-03-11}} </ref> ==English adaptations== {{Main|Sailor Moon (English adaptations)}} The English adaptations of both the manga and anime series became the first successful [[shōjo]] title in the [[United States]].<ref name="Thompson"/> The anime adaptation of ''Sailor Moon'' attempted to capitalize on the success of ''[[Mighty Morphin Power Rangers]]''.<ref name = "Challenge to Hollywood"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VHEVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=C-sDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6716,7966764&dq=sailor+moon+power+rangers|title=Female superhero shoots for the marketing moon|last=The Washington Post|date=May 31, 1995|work=[[Eugene Register Guard]]|pages=3D|accessdate=2009-07-23}}</ref> After a bidding-war between Toon Makers, who wanted to produce a half live-action and half American-style cartoon version,<ref>{{cite web | last = Arnold | first = Adam "OMEGA" | title = Sailor Moon à la Saban: Debunked - An Interview with Rocky Solotoff | publisher = Animefringe | month = June | year = 2001 | url = http://www.animefringe.com/magazine/01.06/feature/2/index.php3 | format = Q&A | accessdate = 2008-06-22 }} </ref> and [[DIC Entertainment]], DiC — then owned by [[The Walt Disney Company]]<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.dicentertainment.com/corporate/ |title=DIC Entertainment Corporate |publisher=[[DiC Entertainment]] |accessdate = 2008-06-22 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20071219211247/http://www.dicentertainment.com/corporate/ |archivedate=2007-12-19 }}</ref> — and Optimum Productions acquired the rights to the first two seasons of ''Sailor Moon'',<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=COcyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vgcGAAAAIBAJ&pg=1971,3417888&dq=sailor+moon&hl=en|title=Move over, Power Rangers. Here comes Japan's Sailor Moon.|date=February 18, 1995|work=The Free Lance-Star|publisher=[[Google News]]|page=27|accessdate=14 March 2010}}</ref> from which they cut six episodes and merged two. Editors cut each of the remaining episodes by several minutes to make room for more commercials, to [[Censorship|censor]] plot points or visuals deemed inappropriate for children, and to allow the insertion of "educational" segments called "Sailor Says" at the end of each episode. The English adaptations by Optimum Productions and [[Cloverway]] of ''Sailor Moon S'' and ''Sailor Moon SuperS'' (the third and fourth series) stayed relatively close to the original Japanese versions, without skipping or merging any episodes. Some controversial changes were made, however, such as the depiction of Sailors Uranus and Neptune as cousins rather than lesbian lovers.<ref>{{cite news | last =Sebert | first =Paul | title = Kissing cousins may bring controversy Cartoon Network juggles controversial topics contained in the “Sailor Moon S” series | work = The Daily Athenaeum Interactive | date= 2000-06-28 | url = http://www.da.wvu.edu/archives/002806/news/002806,07,01.html | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070329040225/http://www.da.wvu.edu/archives/002806/news/002806,07,01.html | archivedate = 2007-03-29 | accessdate = 2007-02-21 }}</ref> Toei has never licensed the fifth and final series, ''Sailor Stars'', for adaptation into English. {{As of|2004|5}}, the rest of the metaseries has officially gone off the air in all English-speaking countries due to lapsed and unrenewed licenses.<ref>{{cite web |last= Oppliger |first=John |url=http://www.animenation.net/blog/2005/12/02/ask-john-whats-the-current-status-of-sailor-moon-in-america/ | title=AnimeNation News - What's the Current Status of Sailor Moon in America? |publisher=[[AnimeNation]] | accessdate=2007-03-15}} </ref> The manga publisher Mixx (subsequently renamed [[Tokyopop]]) translated the Sailor Moon manga into English in 1997. The manga initially appeared syndicated in ''[[TOKYOPOP (magazine)|MixxZine]]'' but was later pulled out of that magazine and made into a separate monthly comic to finish the first through third arcs. At the same time, the fourth and fifth arcs began printing in a secondary magazine called "[[Smile (magazine)|SMILE]]".<ref>{{cite web | title = Mixx Controversies: Analysis | work = Features | publisher = [[Anime News Network]] | date =2008-08-14 | url = http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/feature/1998-08-14/5 | accessdate = 2007-01-24 }}</ref> After its initial publication, the entire series was reprinted in the smaller volume format known in the beginning as "Pocket Mixx" before Mixx became Tokyopop. In total, the series was collected into 11 "Sailor Moon" volumes, 4 "Sailor Moon SuperS" volumes, and 3 "Sailor Moon Stars" volumes. The volumes included extra stories that were not run with the monthly comics. ''Sailor Moon'' collects the first three arcs (the Dark Kingdom [Mixxzine 1-1 to 2-1 + Comic issues 1-7], Black Moon [8-19], and Infinity arcs [20-35]). ''Sailor Moon SuperS'' collects the Super S/Dream arc [Smile 1.1-2.6] and ''Sailor Moon Stars'' collects the Sailor Stars arc [Smile 2.7-3.10]. They feature all of the content from the original manga collections (though the names of characters introduced in the first two story arcs were changed to those used in the English anime), as well as the occasional new sketch and "thank you" commentary from the series' creator. The Tokyopop English-language manga went [[out of print]] on May 2, 2005 after the license expired.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://web.archive.org/web/20071013221414rn_1/www.tokyopop.com/corporate/biz_dev/447 | title=Tokyopop Out of Print | date=2007-10-13|accessdate=2009-09-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Why was Sailormoon dropped? | publisher = [[Tokyopop]] | date =2007-12-09 | url = http://messageboard.tokyopop.com/forums/showthread.php?t=11240 | accessdate = 2010-07-06 }}</ref> ==Music== {{See also|Sailor Moon soundtracks (USA)}} {{Listen |filename = DALI - Moonlight Densetsu.ogg |title = Moonlight Densetsu |description = Japanese theme |filename2 = Nicole & Bynne Price - Sailor Moon Theme.ogg |title2 = Sailor Moon Theme |description2 = English theme |type = music |pos = right |header = ''Sailor Moon'' opening themes }} Numerous people wrote and composed music for the ''Sailor Moon'' metaseries, with frequent lyrical contributions by creator [[Naoko Takeuchi]]. [[Takanori Arisawa]], who earned the "Golden Disk Grand Prize" from [[Columbia Records]] for his work on the first series soundtrack in 1993, composed and arranged all of the background musical scores, including the spinoffs, games, and movies. In 1998, 2000, and 2001 he won the [[JASRAC]] International Award for most international royalties, owing largely to the popularity of ''Sailor Moon'' music in other nations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arizm.com/profile/profile-e.html |title=Takanori Arisawa Profile(E) |publisher=Arizm.com |date= |accessdate=2008-10-13}}</ref> Most of the TV series used for an opening theme {{Nihongo|"Moonlight Densetsu"|ムーンライト伝説|Mūnraito Densetsu|lit. "Moonlight Legend"}}, composed by Tetsuya Komoro with lyrics by Kanako Oda. It was one of the series' most popular songs. "Moonlight Densetsu" was performed by DALI as the opener for the first two anime series,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toei-anim.co.jp/lineup/tv/sailor_moon/ |title=/ セーラームーン |publisher=Toei-anim.co.jp |date= |accessdate=2008-10-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toei-anim.co.jp/lineup/tv/sailor_moon_r/ |title=/ セーラームーン Ｒ |publisher=Toei-anim.co.jp |date= |accessdate=2008-10-13}}</ref> and then by Moon Lips for the third and fourth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toei-anim.co.jp/lineup/tv/sailor_moon_s/ |title=/ セーラームーン Ｓ |publisher=Toei-anim.co.jp |date= |accessdate=2008-10-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toei-anim.co.jp/lineup/tv/sailor_moon_ss/ |title=/ セーラームーン Ｓｕｐｅｒｓ |publisher=Toei-anim.co.jp |date= |accessdate=2008-10-13}}</ref> The final series, ''[[Sailor Stars]]'', switched to using "Sailor Star Song" for its opening theme, written by Shōki Araki with lyrics by Naoko Takeuchi and performed by Kae Hanazawa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toei-anim.co.jp/lineup/tv/sailor_stars/ |title=/ 美少女戦士セーラームーン セーラースターズ |publisher=Toei-anim.co.jp |date= |accessdate=2008-10-13}}</ref> "Moonlight Densetsu" made its final appearance as the closing song for the very last episode, #200.<ref name="Doi"/> "Moonlight Densetsu" has been covered and remixed many times by artists such as the punk supergroup [[Osaka Popstar]] and [[Kitade Nana]]. The [[Sailor Moon (English versions)#Anime|English-language dub]] of the anime series used the melody of "Moonlight Densetsu", but with very different lyrics and instrumentation. At the time, it was unusual for anime theme songs to be translated, and this was one of the first such themes to be redone in English since ''[[Star Blazers]]''.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Complete Anime Guide: Japanese Animation Video Directory & Resource Guide |last=Ledoux |first=Trish |authorlink=Trish Ledoux |coauthors=Ranney, Doug; [[Fred Patten|Patten, Fred]] (e.d.) |year=1996 |publisher=Tiger Mountain Press |isbn=978-0964954236 |page=38 |quote=The American ''Sailor Moon'' even translated the Japanese show's signature opening song more or less intact, one of the few anime adaptations since ''Star Blazers'' to do so. }}</ref> The English theme has been described as "insane but catchy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whoosh.org/news/1997/970201sni.html |title=Whoosh! In the News: Babes in toyland; Xena versus Sailor Moon |publisher=Whoosh.org |date= |accessdate=2008-10-27}}</ref> The Japanese theme is a love song based on the relationship between Usagi and Mamoru ("born on the same Earth"); its [[:File:DALI - Moonlight Densetsu.ogg|first verse]], as it appears in the English subtitles, is as follows:<ref>{{cite episode |title= Crybaby Usagi's Magnificent Transformation|series= Sailor Moon |serieslink=List of Sailor Moon episodes (season 1) |network=Toei |station=Asahi |city=Tokyo |airdate=March 7, 1992 |seriesno=1 |number=1}} As translated in the licensed subtitled DVD release by [[ADV films]].</ref> :''I'm sorry I'm not straightforward,''<!--Please do not modify this translation; it is being quoted from a source.--> :''I can say it in my dreams'' :''My thoughts are about to short circuit,'' :''I want to see you right now'' The English "Sailor Moon Theme" rather resembles a superhero anthem. Its [[:File:Nicole & Bynne Price - Sailor Moon Theme.ogg|first verse]] is written:<ref>{{cite episode |title= A Moon Star is Born|series= Sailor Moon (English dub) |serieslink=List of Sailor Moon episodes (season 1) |network=DiC |station=YTV |airdate=September 11, 1995 |seriesno=1 |number=1}}</ref> :''Fighting evil by moonlight,'' :''Winning love by daylight,'' :''Never running from a real fight,'' :''She is the one named Sailor Moon'' Both versions of the series also make use of insert themes, battle music, and [[image song]]s, with the original being much more prolific. Over 40 Japanese [[music albums]] were released for the anime alone, many of which were remixes of the previous albums in [[jazz]] style, [[music box]], French, etc. In addition, 33 different [[CD single]]s were released, many of them centered around specific characters. The second most prolific country in terms of ''Sailor Moon'' music releases was Germany, which produced some fifteen albums and singles, including five by the [[pop music|pop]] band [[Super Moonies]]. In North America, only [[Sailor Moon soundtracks (USA)|three albums were released]]. These numbers do not include the CDs from the Musicals, which were only released in Japan. At least one CD was released per musical, as well as various collections, such as Villain Collections or many songs sung by a single actor or actress. Various CDs were also released for the live action adaptation as well. ''Moonlight Densetsu'' was released as a CD single in March 1992, and was an "explosive hit".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sailormoon.channel.or.jp/ayumi/1992.html|title=セーラームーンのあゆみ 1992年|language=Japanese|publisher=Sailormoon.Channel|accessdate=2009-07-21}}</ref> "Moonlight Densetsu" won first place in the Song category in [[Animage]]'s 15th and 16th Anime Grand Prix.<ref name=Animage93>{{cite web|url=http://animage.jp/old/gp/gp_1993.html |title=第15回アニメグランプリ ［1993年5月号］|publisher=Animage.jp |language=Japanese |accessdate=2009-07-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://animage.jp/old/gp/gp_1994.html |title=第16回アニメグランプリ ［1994年5月号］|publisher=Animage.jp |language=Japanese |accessdate=2009-07-19}}</ref> It came seventh in the 17th Grand Prix, and "Moon Revenge", from ''[[Sailor Moon R: The Movie]]'', came eighth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://animage.jp/old/gp/gp_1995.html |title=第17回アニメグランプリ ［1995年5月号］|publisher=Animage.jp |language=Japanese |accessdate=2009-07-19}}</ref> "Rashiku Ikimasho", the second closing song for ''Supers'', placed eighteenth in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://animage.jp/old/gp/gp_1996.html |title=第18回アニメグランプリ ［1996年5月号］|publisher=Animage.jp |language=Japanese |accessdate=2009-07-19}}</ref> In 1997, "Sailor Star Song", the new opening theme for ''[[Sailor Stars]]'', came eleventh, and "Moonlight Densetsu" came sixteenth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://animage.jp/old/gp/gp_1997.html |title=第19回アニメグランプリ ［1997年6月号］|publisher=Animage.jp |language=Japanese |accessdate=2009-07-19}}</ref> ==Reception== The manga won the [[Kodansha Manga Award]] in 1993 for ''shōjo''.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/kodansha.shtml | archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071021040252/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/kodansha.shtml | archivedate=2007-10-21 | author=Joel Hahn | title=Kodansha Manga Awards | work=Comic Book Awards Almanac | accessdate=2007-08-21}}</ref> Originally planned to run for only six months, the ''Sailor Moon'' anime repeatedly continued due to its popularity, concluding only after a five-year run.<ref>{{cite web | title = Animazement Sailor Moon Voice Actors 2005 | month = May | year = 2005 | url = http://www.fansview.com/2005/may2005/052705b.htm | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20061022001527/http://www.fansview.com/2005/may2005/052705b.htm | archivedate = 2006-10-22 | accessdate = 2007-01-18}}</ref> In Japan, it aired every Saturday night in [[prime time]],<ref name="Grigsby">Grigsby, Mary (1998). "''Sailormoon'': ''Manga (Comics)'' and ''Anime (Cartoon)'' Superheroine Meets Barbie: Global Entertainment Commodity Comes to the United States" ''[[The Journal of Popular Culture]]'' '''32''' (1) 59-80 {{doi|10.1111/j.0022-3840.1998.3201_59.x}}</ref><!-- --><ref>{{cite news | last =Johnson | first =Dany | coauthors = | title = Q & A Rocking the Boat | work =Akadot | pages = | language = | publisher =Digital Manga, Inc. | date =2001-04-21 | url =http://www.akadot.com/story.php?id=31 | accessdate =2008-06-23 }}</ref> getting TV viewership ratings around 11-12% for most of the series run.<ref name="Grigsby"/><ref>{{cite web |authorlink=Hitoshi Doi |first=Hitoshi |last=Doi |url= http://www.usagi.org/doi/smoon/episodes/index.html |title= Hitoshi Doi |accessdate= 2007-02-23}}</ref> Commentators detect in the anime adaptation of ''Sailor Moon'' "a more [[shonen]] tone," appealing to a wider audience than the manga, which aimed squarely at teenage girls.<ref name="Dicomanga"/> Later episodes of the anime added [[nude]] [[Henshin|transformation]] sequences for the male audience, to the annoyance of Takeuchi - in the edited English version these scenes were censored.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jason|last=Thompson|title=[[Manga: The Complete Guide]]|page=200}}</ref> The media franchise is one of the most successful Japan has ever had, reaching 1.5 billion dollars in merchandise sales during the first three years. Ten years after the series completion, the series has featured among the top thirty of ''TV Asahi'''s Top 100 anime polls in 2005 and 2006.<ref name="asahi05"/><ref name="asahi06"/> The anime series won the [[Animage]] Anime Grand Prix prize in 1993.<ref name=Animage93/> Sales of Sailor Moon's fashion dolls overtook that of [[Licca-chan]] in the 1990s; [[Mattel]] suggested that this was due to the "fashion-action" blend of the Sailor Moon storyline. Doll accessories included both fashion items and the Senshi's weapons.<ref name = "Challenge to Hollywood"/> ''Sailor Moon'' has also become popular internationally. Spain and France became the first countries outside of Japan to air ''Sailor Moon'', beginning in December 1993.<ref name=SMhist93>{{cite web|url=http://sailormoon.channel.or.jp/ayumi/1993.html|title=セーラームーンのあゆみ 1993年|publisher=Sailormoon.Channel|language=Japanese|accessdate=2009-07-21}}</ref> Other countries followed suit, including Australia, [[South Korea]], the Philippines, Italy, Peru, Brazil, Sweden and [[Hong Kong]], before North America picked up the franchise for adaptation.<ref name="Drazen pp.10-11">{{cite book |last=Drazen |first=Patrick |title=Anime Explosion! The What? Why? & Wow! of Japanese Animation |year=2002 | month=October |publisher=Stone Bridge Press |location=[[Berkeley, California]] |isbn=1-880656-72-8 |oclc=50898281 |pages=10–11}}</ref> In 2001, the ''Sailor Moon'' manga was [[Tokyopop]]'s best selling property, outselling the next-best selling titles by at least a factor of 1.5.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icv2.com/articles/news/625.html|title=ICv2 News - Sailor Moon Graphic Novels Top Bookstore Sales - Demonstrates Shoujo's Potential |date=August 14, 2001|publisher=ICv2 |accessdate= 2008-06-22}}</ref> Critics have commended the anime series for its portrayal of strong friendships,<ref name = "Japan Pop"/> as well as for its large cast of "strikingly different" characters who have different dimensions and aspects to them as the story goes on,<ref name="Millennial Monsters">{{cite book|last=Allison|first=Anne|coauthors=Gary Cross|title=Millennial Monsters: Japanese Toys and the Global Imagination|publisher=University of California Press|year=2006|pages=156–157|isbn=9780520245655}}</ref> and an ability to appeal to a wide audience.<ref>Poitras, Gilles (2000-12-01) ''Anime Essentials: Every Thing a Fan Needs to Know'' Stone Bridge Press, ISBN 1-880656-53-1 p.44</ref> Writer Nicolas Penedo attributes the success of ''Sailor Moon'' to its fusion of the [[shōjo manga]] genre of [[magical girl]]s with the [[Super Sentai]] fighting teams.<ref name="Dicomanga">{{cite book | first= Nicolas | last=Penedo |page=464 | editor=Nicolas Finet | title=Dicomanga: le dictionnaire encyclopédique de la bande dessinée japonaise | publisher=Fleurus | language=French | location=Paris | isbn=978-2-215-07931-6 | year=2008}}</ref> According to Martha Cornog and Timothy Perper, Sailor Moon became popular because of its "strongly-plotted action with fight scenes, rescues" and its "emphasis on feelings and relationships", including some "sexy romance" between Usagi and Mamoru.<ref>Cornog, Martha; and Perper, Timothy (March 2005) [http://www.corneredangel.com/amwess/papers/non_western_sexuality.pdf Non-Western Sexuality Comes to the U.S.: A Crash Course in Manga and Anime for Sexologists] ''Contempory Sexuality'' vol 39 issue 3 page 4</ref> In contrast, others see ''Sailor Moon'' as [[camp (style)|campy]]<ref name="PGSM ANN"/> and [[melodrama]]tic. Criticism has singled out its use of formulaic plots, [[Villain of the week|monsters of the day]],<ref>{{cite web | last = Bertschy | first = Zac | title = Sailor Moon DVD - Review | publisher = [[Anime News Network]] | date =2003-08-10 | url = http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/sailor-moon/dvd | accessdate = 2007-02-17 }}</ref> and [[stock footage]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Merrill | first = Dave | title = Sailor Moon Super S TV Series Complete Collection | publisher = Anime Jump | date =2006-01-17 | url = http://www.animejump.com/index.php?module=prodreviews&func=showcontent&id=721 | accessdate = 2007-02-17 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060510021154/http://www.animejump.com/index.php?module=prodreviews&func=showcontent&id=721 |archivedate = May 10, 2006}}</ref> Drazen notes that ''Sailor Moon'' has two kinds of villains, the [[Monster of the Day]] and the "thinking, feeling humans". Although this is common in anime and manga, it is "almost unheard of in the West".<ref name="Drazen p.284">{{cite book |last=Drazen |first=Patrick |title=Anime Explosion! The What? Why? & Wow! of Japanese Animation |year=2002 | month=October |publisher=Stone Bridge Press |location=[[Berkeley, California]] |isbn=1-880656-72-8 |oclc=50898281 |page=284}}</ref> Despite the series' apparent popularity among Western anime [[fandom]], the dubbed version of the series received poor ratings in the United States and did not do well in DVD sales in the United Kingdom.<ref name="NeoCox">{{cite journal | last = Cox | first = Gemma | title = Anime Archive: Sailor Moon - The Most Popular Unsuccessful Series Ever? | journal = [[Neo (magazine)|NEO]] | issue = 18 | page = 98 | publisher = Uncooked Media | date = Spring of 2006 }}</ref> [[Anne Allison]] attributes the lack of popularity in the United States primarily to poor marketing (in the United States, the series was initially broadcast at times which did not suit the target audience - weekdays at 9:00 a.m. and 2:00 pm). Executives connected with Sailor Moon suggest that poor localization played a role.<ref name = "Challenge to Hollywood">{{cite journal | last = Allison | first = Anne | title = A Challenge to Hollywood? Japanese Character Goods Hit the US | journal = Japanese Studies | volume=20 | issue = 1 | pages = 67–88 | publisher = Routledge | year = 2000 | doi = 10.1080/10371390050009075 }}</ref> [[Helen McCarthy]] and [[Jonathan Clements]] go further, calling the dub "indifferent", and suggesting that Sailor Moon was put in "dead" timeslots due to local interests.<ref name="animeencyc">{{cite book |last=Clements |first=Jonathan |authorlink=Jonathan Clements |coauthors=[[Helen McCarthy]] |title=[[The Anime Encyclopedia: A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917]] |date=2001-09-01 |publisher=Stone Bridge Press |location=Berkeley, California |isbn=1-880656-64-7 |oclc=47255331 |page=338 |edition=1st }}</ref> The British distributor, [[MVM Films]], has attributed the poor sales to the United Kingdom release being of the dub only, and that major retailers refused to support the show leading to the DVD release appealing to neither children nor older anime fans.<ref name="NeoCox"/> Both the manga editorial vid and the anime series were released in Mexico twice in a quite accurate translation in Imevisión (what is now [[TV Azteca]]), which also aired almost complete versions of ''[[Saint Seiya]]'', ''[[Senki]]'', ''[[Candy Candy]]'', ''[[Remi, Nobody's Girl]]'', ''[[Card Captor Sakura]]'' and ''[[Detective Conan]]''. With quite a success and in the U.S. censored version in the Cartoon Network that was very quickly taken off the air due to the lack of viewers being lackluster compared to the original version; due to sensitive or controversial topics a Catholic parents' group exerted pressure to take it off the market, which partially succeeded - but after the whole series had been aired once from Sailor Moon to Sailor Stars and some of the movies.<ref>McHarry, Mark. [http://www.guidemag.com/temp/yaoi/a/mcharry_yaoi.html Yaoi: Redrawing Male Love] ''The Guide'' November 2003</ref> Due to [[Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea|anti-Japanese sentiment]], most of Japanese media other than animated ones was banned for many years in South Korea.<!-- Please, make it clear. Novels like Tokugawa Ieyasu was published during 1970s. Some tokusatsu series were released in home videos in 1980s. Japanese comics were published and anime works could be seen on TV, in theatres and in home videos "before" 90s --> A producer in [[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]] "did not even try to buy" Sailor Moon because he thought it would not pass the censorship laws, but as of May 1997, Sailor Moon was airing on [[KBS 2]] without issues and was "enormously" popular.<ref>{{cite book|author=Seung Mi-Han|coauthors=Harumi Befu, Sylvie Guichard-Anguis|title=Globalizing Japan: Ethnography of the Japanese Presence in Asia, Europe, and America|publisher=Routledge|year=2001|page=200|chapter=Learning from the enviable enemy: the coexistance of desire and enmity in Korean perceptions of Japan}}</ref> <!-- In the South Korean version, the "Bishojo Senshi" prefix in the title was changed to "Fairy of the Moon" ({{Lang-ko|달의 요정}}; so the Korean title of the series is {{Lang-ko|달의 요정 세일러 문}}) because of sexuality concerns, and Sailor Soldiers were called "fairies". Location was "changed" to Seoul, even though [[Tokyo Tower]] (claimed as [[N Seoul Tower|Seoul Tower]]) could be seen. --> In his 2007 book ''[[Manga: The Complete Guide]]'', [[Jason Thompson (writer)|Jason Thompson]] gave the manga series 3 / 5 stars. He enjoyed the blending of ''[[shōnen manga|shōnen]]'' and ''[[shōjo manga|shōjo]]'' styles, stating that the combat scenes seemed heavily influenced by ''[[Saint Seiya]]'', but shorter and less bloody, and noting that the manga itself appeared similar to [[Super Sentai]] television shows. While Thompson found the series fun and entertaining, the repetitive plot lines were a detriment to the title which the increasing quality of art could not make up for; even so, he still states that the series is "sweet, effective entertainment".<ref name="Thompson"/> James Welker believes that Sailor Moon's futuristic setting helps to make lesbianism "naturalized" and a peaceful existence. Yukari Fujimoto notes that although there are few "lesbian scenes" in Sailor Moon, it has become a popular subject for ''[[yuri (genre)|yuri]]'' parodic [[dojinshi]]. She attributes this to the source work's "cheerful" tone, although she notes that "though they seem to be overflowing with lesbians, the position of heterosexuals is earnestly secured".<ref>Welker, James (2006) "Drawing Out Lesbians: Blurred Representations of Lesbian Desire in ''Shōjo'' Manga" in Subhash Chandra e.d., ''Lesbian Voices: Canada and the World: Theory, Literature, Cinema'' New Delhi: Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd ISBN 81-8424-075-9 p.177, 180.</ref> When comparing the manga and anime, Sylvian Durand first notes that the manga artwork is gorgeous, but that the storytelling is more compressed and erratic, and that the anime has more character development. Durand felt "the sense of tragedy is greater" in the manga's telling of the "fall of the [[Silver Millennium]]", giving more detail on the origins of the Shitennou and on Usagi's final battle with Beryl and Metalia. Durand feels that the anime leaves out information which makes the story easier to understand, but judges the anime more "coherent", with a better balance of comedy and tragedy, whereas the manga is "more tragic" and focused on Usagi and Mamoru's romance.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Durand|first=Sylvain|date=March–April 1996|title=Sailor Moon: Manga vs Animation|journal=[[Protoculture Addicts]]|issue=39|page=39}}</ref> ===Legacy=== The anime has been cited as reinvigorating the [[magical girl]] genre by adding dynamic heroines and action-oriented plots. After its success, many similar titles immediately followed. ''[[Magic Knight Rayearth]]'', ''[[Wedding Peach]]'', ''[[Nurse Angel Ririka]]'' and ''[[Revolutionary Girl Utena]]'' all owe much of their basis to the popularity of ''Sailor Moon''.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jason|last=Thompson|title=[[Manga: The Complete Guide]]|page=199}}</ref> ''Sailor Moon'' has been called "the biggest breakthrough" in English dubbed anime up until 1995, when it premiered on [[YTV (TV channel)|YTV]],<ref name="Drazen pp.10-11"/> and "the pinnacle of little kid shojo anime".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/editorial/1999-01-01/2|title=Anime and Teen Culture... Uh-oh. |last=Sevakis|first=Justin|date=January 1, 1999|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=2009-07-19}}</ref> [[Matt Thorn]] notes that soon after ''Sailor Moon'', ''shōjo manga'' began to be featured in book shops, as opposed to fandom-dominated comic shops.<ref name="PW Matt Thorn">{{cite web|url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA6637895.html?nid=2789|title=Matt Thorn Returns to Translation|last=Alverson|first=Brigid|date=17 February 2009|publisher=[[Publishers Weekly]]|accessdate=2009-02-22}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> It is credited as the beginning of a wider movement of girls taking up ''shōjo manga''.<ref name="Thompson"/><ref name="shoujoUS"/><ref>{{cite journal |last=Deppey |first=Dirk |authorlink=Dirk Deppey |year=2005 |title=She's Got Her Own Thing Now |journal=[[The Comics Journal]] |issue=269 |url=http://www.tcj.com/269/e_own1.html |accessdate=2008-06-22 |quote=Scratch a modern-day manga fangirl, and you're likely to find someone who watched Sailor Moon when she was young. |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080531153057/http://www.tcj.com/269/e_own1.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2008-05-31}}</ref> [[Gilles Poitras]] defines a "generation" of anime fans as those who were introduced to anime by ''Sailor Moon'' in the 1990s, noting that they were both much younger than the other fans and also mostly girls. Poitras credits ''Sailor Moon'' as laying the ground for other ''shōjo'' series such as ''[[Fushigi Yuugi]]'', ''[[Vision of Escaflowne]]'' and ''[[Revolutionary Girl Utena]]''.<ref>Poitras, Gilles (2000-12-01) ''Anime Essentials: Every Thing a Fan Needs to Know'' Stone Bridge Press, ISBN 1-880656-53-1 pp.31-32</ref> [[Fred Patten]] credits Takeuchi with popularizing the concept of a [[Super Sentai]]-like team of [[magical girl]]s,<ref name=ST>{{cite web|url=http://www.sequentialtart.com/archive/nov02/ao_1102_1.shtml |title=Sequential Tart: Atsukamashii Onna - Taking One for the Team: A Look at Sentai Shows (vol V/iss 11/November 2002) |publisher=Sequentialtart.com |date= |accessdate=2008-10-13}}</ref><ref name =Patten>Watching Anime, Reading Manga: 25 Years of Essays and Reviews by [[Fred Patten]] page 50</ref> and Paul Gravett credits the series with "revitalizing" the magical girl [[genre]] itself.<ref name=Gravett>[[Paul Gravett]] (2004) [[Manga: 60 Years of Japanese Comics]] (Harper Design, ISBN 1-85669-391-0) page 78</ref> The series is credited with changing the genre of magical girls—its heroine must use her powers to fight evil, not simply to have fun as previous magical girls had done.<ref name=THEM>{{cite web | last = Ross | first = Christina | title = Sailor Moon | publisher = THEM Anime Reviews 4.0 | url = http://www.themanime.org/viewreview.php?id=405 | accessdate = 2007-02-16 }}</ref> In the [[western culture|West]], people sometimes associated ''Sailor Moon'' with the [[feminist]] or [[Girl Power]] movements and with [[empowerment|empowering]] its viewers,<ref name="shoujoUS">{{cite news | last = Yang | first = Sandy | title = Girl Power Make Up—The Beginning of Shōjo in the US | work=Akadot | publisher = Digital Manga, Inc. | date = 2000-10-25 | url = http://www.akadot.com/story.php?id=30 | accessdate = 2008-06-23 }}</ref> especially regarding the "credible, charismatic and independent" characterizations of the Sailor Senshi, which were "interpreted in France as an unambiguously feminist position."<ref name="Dicomanga"/> As such, it has been compared with [[Barbie]],<ref name="DaveBarry">{{cite news | last =Barry | first =Dave|authorlink = Dave Barry | title =Forget about Sailor Moon; we love Barbie! | work =The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel | publisher = Journal Communications | date =1995-04-09}}</ref> ''[[Mighty Morphin Power Rangers]]'',<ref name="Grigsby"/><ref name = "Japan Pop">{{cite book |last=Allison |first=Anne |authorlink=Anne Allison |editor=Timothy J. Craig |title=Japan Pop!: Inside the World of Japanese Popular Culture|origdate= |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |isbn=978-0765605610 |pages=259–278 |chapter=Sailor Moon: Japanese Superheroes for Global Girls|year=2000|month=June }}</ref> ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'',<ref name="Drazen p.281">{{cite book |last=Drazen |first=Patrick |title=Anime Explosion! The What? Why? & Wow! of Japanese Animation |year=2002 | month=October |publisher=Stone Bridge Press |location=[[Berkeley, California]] |isbn=1-880656-72-8 |oclc=50898281 |page=281}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20040407170022/www.animerica-mag.com/features/buffyvsmoon.html |title=Animerica: Animerica Feature: Separated at Birth? Buffy vs. Sailor Moon |publisher=Animerica |date=2004-04-07 |accessdate=2010-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20040407172915/www.animerica-mag.com/features/buffyvsmoon_02.html |title=Animerica: Animerica Feature: Separated at Birth? Buffy vs. Sailor Moon |publisher=Animerica |date=2004-04-07 |accessdate=2010-10-28}}</ref> and ''[[Sabrina, the Teenage Witch (TV series)|Sabrina, the Teenage Witch]]''.<ref>{{cite paper | last = Yoshida | first = Kaori | title = Evolution of Female Heroes: Carnival Mode of Gender Representation in Anime | publisher = Western Washington University |year=2002 | url = http://journals2.iranscience.net:800/mcel.pacificu.edu/mcel.pacificu.edu/aspac/home/papers/scholars/yoshida/yoshida.php3 | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071111070234/http://journals2.iranscience.net/mcel.pacificu.edu/mcel.pacificu.edu/aspac/home/papers/scholars/yoshida/yoshida.php3 | archivedate = 2007-11-11 | accessdate = 2008-06-22 }}</ref> Its characters have also been described as "catty stereotypes", with Sailor Moon's character in particular being singled out as less-than-feminist because her favorite class is home economics and her least favorite is math, although Japanese audiences viewed her character as tomboyish. The series creator has said she based Usagi on herself, and is meant to reflect her reality.<ref name="Internet Moonies">{{cite news|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/18644199.html?dids=18644199:18644199&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jul+27%2C+1996&author=By+Louise+Brown&pub=Toronto+Star&desc=Sailing+the+Internet+It%27s+a+treasure+trove+of+trivia+for+Sailor+%27Moonies%27|title=Sailing the Internet It's a treasure trove of trivia for Sailor 'Moonies'; <nowiki>[Final Edition]</nowiki> |last=Brown|first=Louise|date=July 27, 1996|publisher=[[Toronto Star]]|pages=SW.65|accessdate=2009-11-06}}</ref> In English-speaking countries, Sailor Moon developed a cult following amongst various anime fans and male university students,<ref name =Grigsby/> and Drazen considers that the [[History of the World Wide Web|Internet]] was a new medium that fans used to communicate and played a role in the popularity of ''Sailor Moon''.<ref name="Drazen p.281"/> Fans could use the Internet to communicate about the series, using it to organize campaigns to return ''Sailor Moon'' to U.S. broadcast, and to share information about episodes that had not yet aired.<ref name="Internet Moonies"/> In 2004, one study suggested there were 3,335,000 sites about Sailor Moon, compared to 491,000 for [[Mickey Mouse]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A38441-2004Dec5.html|title=We're Playing Their Toons|last=Faiola|first=Anthony|date=December 6, 2004|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=2009-07-19}}</ref> NEO magazine suggested that part of ''Sailor Moon'''s allure was that fans communicated, via the Internet, about the differences between the dub and the original version.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cox |first=Gemma |url=http://www.neomag.co.uk/article.asp?IntID=9 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080101180249/http://www.neomag.co.uk/article.asp?IntID=9 |archivedate=2008-01-01 |title=Neo Magazine - Article |publisher=Neomag.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2009-08-05}}</ref> The ''Sailor Moon'' fandom was described in 1997 as being "small and dispersed".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/1997/23/b353053.htm|title=The Novice Who Tamed The Web|last=Updike|first=Edith|year=1997|publisher=Business Week|accessdate=2009-07-19}}</ref> In a United States study, children paid rapt attention to the fighting scenes in Sailor Moon, although when questioned if Sailor Moon was "violent" only two would say yes, the other ten preferring to describe the episodes as "soft" or "cute".<ref>{{cite journal |last=Allison |first=Anne |authorlink=Anne Allison |year=2001 |title=Cyborg Violence: Bursting Borders and Bodies with Queer Machines |journal=Cultural Anthropology |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=237–265 |url=http://culturalanthropology.duke.edu/Faculty_articles/CyborgV.pdf |accessdate=2008-06-22 |doi=10.1525/can.2001.16.2.237 |format=PDF |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070610022454/http://culturalanthropology.duke.edu/Faculty_articles/CyborgV.pdf |archivedate = June 10, 2007}}</ref> ==International revival== As of 2004, Toei has control over the license to distribute Sailor Moon outside of Japan. On February 4, 2010, Toei began negotiations to re-license the entire series globally. If such a revival occurs, the international re-airing would start in Italy after a Japanese debut, then work its way around the world.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}} In February 2010 the show returned to Albania in its original form.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://moon-chase.blogspot.com/2010/02/breaking-news-sailor-moon-already-back.html |title=BREAKING NEWS: Sailor Moon Already Back On The Air In A European Country! |publisher=Moon Chase |date=2010-02-07 |accessdate=2010-05-04}}</ref> As of March 1, 2010, a new remastered Sailor Moon has returned to Italian television. Toei has also stated if it is popular in Italy, an international revival will begin. However, it has yet to be announced if the English version will be re-licensed. It should be noted that the English version only consists of most of the 1st season as well as the entire 2nd, 3rd and 4th seasons (minus the SuperS TV special). <!-- THIS IS SPECULATIVE, AND DOES NOT BELONG IN THIS ARTICLE -- SEE TALK -- If the show does acquire a new English licence, hopefully this will be the 1st time that Sailor Stars will be dubbed in English as well as other un-dubbed material like the episodes DiC refused to dub during the 1st season. --> Recently, Toei is offering 200 refurbished episodes of Sailor Moon at MIPTV.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icv2.com/articles/news/17240.html |title=Toei Shopping 'Sailor Moon' Anime |publisher=ICv2 |date= |accessdate=2010-10-28}}</ref> The anime is also scheduled to begin playing on [[TVB J2]] channel in Hong Kong once more in August 2010. In 2009 Funimation announced that it was considering an entire re-dub of the Sailor Moon series and asked people to take part in a survey on what their next project should be. The re-dub of the Sailor Moon series was included. The results of the survey have not been released to the public.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icv2.com/articles/news/16792.html |title=Worldwide 'Sailor Moon' Revival |publisher=ICv2 |date=2010-02-03 |accessdate=2010-02-28}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ==External links== <!--NO FANSITES. ADD YOURSELF TO THE DMOZ DIRECTORY LINKED BELOW.--> {{Commons category|Sailor Moon}} {{Wikiquote}} * [http://sailormoon.channel.or.jp/ Official Sailormoon website] {{Ja icon}} * {{ann|anime|363}} * {{ann|manga|1578}} * {{dmoz|Arts/Animation/Anime/Titles/S/Sailor_Moon}} * [http://sailormoon.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page Sailor Moon Wikia] <!--NOTE... PER GUIDELINES at WP:EL#Occasionally_acceptable_links AND seeing no opposition to this proposal on this article's TALK page, ALL non-OFFICIAL links have been removed and shall continue to be removed. In the place of those fansites a link to the DMOZ Sailor Moon directory has been added. This directory is open access (with minimal approval standards) so should accept most URLs. ALL FANSITES HAVE BEEN REMOVED. Do NOT add yours or any other. They will be removed. --> * {{imdb title|0103369|Bishōjo Senshi Sailor Moon}} {{Sailor Moon}} {{Anime Grand Prix}} <!--Discuss in talk page before adding or removing genre-related categories, however, keep in mind [[WP:MOS-AM#Content]]. Thank you.--> [[ar:سايلور موون]] [[be-x-old:Прыгожая Ваярка Сэйляр Месяц]] [[bg:Сейлър Муун]] [[ca:Sailor Moon]] [[da:Sailor Moon]] [[de:Sailor Moon]] [[et:Sailor Moon]] [[el:Sailor Moon]] [[es:Sailor Moon]] [[eo:Sailor Moon]] [[fr:Sailor Moon]] [[gl:Sailor Moon]] [[ko:달의 요정 세일러문]] [[hr:Mjesečeva ratnica]] [[id:Sailor Moon]] [[it:Sailor Moon]] [[he:סיילור מון]] [[la:Sailor Moon]] [[lv:Sailor Moon]] [[lb:Sailor Moon]] [[lt:Sailor Moon]] [[hu:Sailor Moon]] [[ms:Sailor Moon]] [[nl:Sailor Moon]] [[ja:美少女戦士セーラームーン]] [[no:Sailor Moon]] [[uz:Sailor Moon]] [[pl:Czarodziejka z Księżyca]] [[pt:Sailor Moon]] [[ro:Sailor Moon]] [[ru:Сейлор Мун]] [[sq:Sailor Moon]] [[simple:Sailor Moon]] [[sr:Sailor Moon]] [[sh:Sailor Moon]] [[fi:Sailor Moon]] [[sv:Sailor Moon]] [[tl:Sailor Moon]] [[th:เซเลอร์มูน]] [[tr:Ay Savaşçısı]] [[uk:Сейлор Мун]] [[vi:Thủy thủ Mặt Trăng (manga)]] [[zh:美少女戰士]] Templates used on the current version of this page: Template:About (view source) Template:Anime Grand Prix (view source) Template:Ann (view source) Template:As of (view source) Template:Basepage subpage (view source) Template:By whom (view source) Template:Category handler (view source) Template:Category handler/blacklist (view source) Template:Category handler/numbered (view source) Template:Citation needed (view source) Template:Cite album-notes (view source) Template:Cite book (view source) Template:Cite episode (view source) Template:Cite journal (view source) Template:Cite news (view source) Template:Cite paper (view source) Template:Cite web (view source) Template:Column-count (view source) Template:Commons (view source) Template:Commons category (view source) Template:Country data Australia (view source) Template:Country data Canada (view source) Template:Country data Finland (view source) Template:Country data Ireland (view source) Template:Country data New Zealand (view source) Template:Country data United Kingdom (view source) Template:Country data United States (view source) Template:DMCA (view source) Template:Dated maintenance category (view source) Template:Dead link (view source) Template:Dmoz (view source) Template:Doi (view source) Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME (view source) Template:Fix (view source) Template:Fix/category (view source) Template:Flagicon (view source) Template:Flagicon/core (view source) Template:Good article (view source) Template:Hatnote (view source) Template:Hide in print (view source) Template:IMDb title (view source) Template:ISO 639 name ja (view source) Template:Ifsubst (view source) Template:Imdb title (view source) Template:Infobox (view source) Template:Infobox animanga/Footer (view source) Template:Infobox animanga/Header (view source) Template:Infobox animanga/Other (view source) Template:Infobox animanga/Print (view source) Template:Infobox animanga/Video (view source) Template:Ja icon (view source) Template:Language icon (view source) Template:Link language (view source) Template:Listen (view source) Template:Listen/core (view source) Template:MONTHNAME (view source) Template:MONTHNUMBER (view source) Template:Main (view source) Template:Namespace detect (view source) Template:Navbox (view source) Template:Nihongo (view source) Template:Ns has subpages (view source) Template:Only in print (view source) Template:Reflist (view source) Template:Rellink (view source) Template:Sailor Moon (view source) Template:Sec link auto (view source) Template:Sec link/normal link (view source) Template:Sec link/text (view source) Template:See also (view source) Template:Side box (view source) Template:Sister (view source) Template:Str left (view source) Template:Trim (view source) Template:Two other uses (view source) Template:When on basepage (view source) Template:Wikiquote (view source) Template:Yesno (view source) Template:· (view source) Template:• (view source) Module:Arguments (view source) Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions (view source) Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) Module:Hatnote (view source) Module:Main (view source) Module:Navbar (view source) Module:Navbox (view source) Module:Ns has subpages (view source) Module:Side box (view source) Module:TableTools (view source) Module:Yesno (view source) Return to Sailor Moon. 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