Jason Robards

Jason Nelson Robards, Jr. (July 26, 1922 – December 26, 2000) was an American actor on stage and in film and television and a winner of the Tony Award (theatre), two Academy Awards (film) and the Emmy Award (television). He was also a United States Navy combat veteran of World War II.

He became famous playing works of Eugene O'Neill, an American playwright, and regularly performed in O'Neill's works throughout his career. Robards was cast in both common-man roles and as well-known historical figures.

Early life and education
Robards was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Hope Maxine (née Glanville) Robards and Jason Robards, Sr., an actor who regularly appeared on the stage and in such early films as The Gamblers (1929) and was among the better-known actors of the first half of the twentieth century.

The family moved to New York City, New York, when Jason Jr. was still a toddler, and then moved to Los Angeles, California, when he was six years old. Later interviews with Robards suggested that the trauma of his parents' divorce, which occurred during his grade-school years, greatly affected his personality and worldview.

As a youth Robards also witnessed first-hand the decline of his father's acting career — the elder Robards had enjoyed considerable success during the era of silent films, but he fell out of favor after the advent of "talkies" (sound film), leaving the younger Robards soured on the Hollywood film industry.

The teenaged Robards excelled in athletics, running a 4:18 mile during his junior year at Hollywood High School in Los Angeles. Although his prowess in sports attracted interest from several universities, upon his graduation in 1940, Robards decided to join the Navy.

Naval service in World War II
As a radioman 3rd class in the Navy, Robards joined a heavy cruiser warship, the USS Northampton (CA-26) in 1941. On December 7, 1941 — the date of Imperial Japanese Navy's attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, which brought the U.S. into World War II — he was aboard the Northampton in the Pacific Ocean 100 miles at sea. Contrary to some stories, he witnessed the devastation of the attack only afterwards, when the Northampton returned to Pearl Harbor two days later. The Northampton was later directed into the Guadalcanal campaign in World War II's Pacific theater, where she participated in the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands.

During the Battle of Tassafaronga on Guadalcanal on the night of November 30, 1942, the Northampton was sunk by hits from two Japanese torpedoes. Robards found himself treading water until near daybreak, when he was rescued by an American destroyer warship. For its service in the war the Northampton was awarded five battle stars.

Two years later, in November 1944, Robards was in another dramatic engagement — this time as a radioman on the USS Nashville (CL-43) which was the flagship for the invasion of Mindoro in the northern Philippines. On December 13, she was struck by a kamikaze aircraft off Negros Island in the Philippines. The aircraft itself hit one of the port five-inch gun mounts while her two bombs set the midsection ablaze. There were 223 casualties and the Nashville was forced to return to Pearl Harbor and then to the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in Bremerton, Washington, for repairs.

Numerous resources state uncited claims that Robards was a recipient of the U.S. Navy Cross medal for bravery. Although a 1979 column by Hy Gardner stated that Robards was awarded the medal, Robards's name does not appear on any official or semi-official rolls of Navy Cross recipients.

It was on the Nashville that Robards first found a copy of Eugene O’Neill’s play Strange Interlude in the ship’s library. It was also in the Navy that he first started thinking seriously about being an actor. He had emceed for a Navy band in Pearl Harbor, gotten a few laughs and decided he liked it. His father suggested he enroll in the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City, New York.

Career
Robards decided to get into acting after the war and his career started out slowly. He moved to New York City and found small parts — first in radio and then on the stage. His big break was landing the starring role in José Quintero's 1956 off-Broadway-theatre production and the later 1960 television film of O'Neill's The Iceman Cometh, portraying the philosophical salesman Hickey; he won an Obie Award for his stage performance. He later portrayed Hickey again in a 1985 Broadway revival also staged by Quintero, who also directed Robards in Broadway productions of O'Neill's plays: Long Day's Journey Into Night (1956, as Jamie Tyrone, and 1988, as Tyrone, Sr.), Hughie (1964), A Touch of the Poet (1977) and A Moon for the Misbegotten (1973). He repeated his role in Long Day's Journey Into Night in the 1962 film and televised his performances in A Moon for the Misbegotten (1975) and Hughie (1984).

Robards also appeared on stage in a revival of O'Neill's Ah, Wilderness! (1988) directed by Arvin Brown, as well as Lillian Hellman's Toys in the Attic (1960), Arthur Miller's After the Fall, (1964) Clifford Odets's The Country Girl (1972) and Harold Pinter's No Man's Land (1994).

He had made his film debut in the two-reel comedy Follow That Music (1946), but after his Broadway success he was invited to make his feature debut in The Journey (1959). He became a familiar face to movie audiences throughout the 1960s, notably for his performances in A Thousand Clowns (1965) (repeating his stage performance), The Night They Raided Minsky's (1968), and Once Upon a Time in the West (1968).

Robards played three different U.S. presidents in film. He played the role of Abraham Lincoln in the TV movie The Perfect Tribute (1991) and supplied the voice for two television documentaries, first for "The Presidency: A Splendid Misery" in 1964, and then again in the title role of the 1992 documentary miniseries "Lincoln". He also played the role of Ulysses S. Grant in The Legend of the Lone Ranger (1981) and supplied the Union General's voice in the PBS miniseries The Civil War (1990). He also played Franklin D. Roosevelt in FDR: The Final Years (1980). He also created a sensation as the fictional president Richard Monckton (based on Richard Nixon) in the television miniseries Washington: Behind Closed Doors (1977). Additionally, he voiced a number of documentaries, including Ken Burns's Empire of the Air: The Men Who Made Radio (1991).

Awards


Robards received eight Tony Award nominations, — more than any other male actor. He won the Tony for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play for his work in The Disenchanted, (1959); this was also his only stage appearance with his father.

He received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in consecutive years for All the President's Men (1976) for portraying Washington Post editor Ben Bradlee and Julia (1977) for portraying writer Dashiell Hammett (1977). He was also nominated for another Academy Award for his role as Howard Hughes in Melvin and Howard (1980).

Robards received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor – Miniseries or a Movie for Inherit the Wind (1988).

In 1997, Robards received the U.S. National Medal of Arts, the highest honor conferred to an individual artist on behalf of the people. Recipients are selected by the U.S. National Endowment for the Arts and the medal is awarded by the President of the United States.

In 1999, he was among the recipients at the Kennedy Center Honors, an annual honor given to those in the performing arts for their lifetime of contributions to American culture.

Jason Robards narrated the public radio documentary, "Schizophrenia: Voices of an Illness," produced by Lichtenstein Creative Media, which was awarded a 1994 George Foster Peabody Award for Excellence in Broadcasting. According to Time Magazine, Robards offered to narrate the schizophrenia program, volunteering that his first wife had been institutionalized for that illness."

Personal life
Robards had six children from his four marriages, including actor Jason Robards III (born 1949) by his first wife, Eleanor Pittman; and actor Sam Robards by his third wife, actress Lauren Bacall, to whom he was married in 1961 and from whom he was divorced in 1969.

In 1972 he was seriously injured in an automobile accident when he drove his car into the side of a mountain on a winding California road, requiring extensive surgery and facial reconstruction. The accident may have related to his life-long struggle with alcoholism.

Robards was a U.S. Civil War buff and scholar, an interest which informed his portrayal Abraham Lincoln and the voice of Grant in Ken Burns' Civil War mini-series.

A resident of the Southport section of Fairfield, Connecticut, Robards died of lung cancer in Bridgeport, Connecticut, on December 26, 2000; he was cremated. His death was mourned by both fans and actors. "He was the last of a breed of actors who dedicated themselves to a life in the theater. Without asking for the role, he was our elder statesman," said actor Kevin Spacey.

Legacy
The Jason Robards Award was created by the Roundabout Theatre Company in New York City in his honor and his relationship with the theatre.

Actress Jennifer Jason Leigh chose her middle name in honor of Robards.

Stage

 * Long Day's Journey Into Night (1956)
 * The Disenchanted (1958)
 * The Journey (1959)
 * Toys in the Attic (1960)
 * Big Fish, Little Fish (1961)
 * A Thousand Clowns (1962)
 * Hughie (1964)
 * But for Whom Charlie (1964)
 * After the Fall (1964)
 * The Devils (1965)
 * We Bombed in New Haven (1968)
 * The Country Girl (1972)


 * A Moon for the Misbegotten (1973)
 * A Touch of the Poet (1977)
 * You Can't Take It with You (1984)
 * The Iceman Cometh (1985)
 * A Month of Sundays (1987)
 * Ah, Wilderness! (1988)
 * Long Day's Journey Into Night (1988)
 * Love Letters (1989)
 * Park Your Car in Harvard Yard (1991)
 * No Man's Land (1994)
 * Molly Sweeney (1996)

Film

 * The Journey (1959)
 * By Love Possessed (1961)
 * Long Day's Journey Into Night (1962)
 * Tender Is the Night (1962)
 * Act One (1963) as George S. Kaufman
 * A Thousand Clowns (1965)
 * Any Wednesday (1966)
 * A Big Hand for the Little Lady (1966)
 * Hour of the Gun (1967) as Doc Holliday
 * The St. Valentine's Day Massacre (1967) as Al Capone
 * Divorce American Style (1967)
 * Isadora (1968)
 * The Night They Raided Minsky's (1968)
 * Once Upon a Time in the West (1968)
 * Fools (1970)
 * Julius Caesar (1970) as Brutus
 * Rosolino Paternò: Soldato... (also known as Operation Snafu) (1970)
 * Tora! Tora! Tora! (1970) as General Walter Short
 * The Ballad of Cable Hogue (1970)
 * Murders in the Rue Morgue (1971)
 * Jud (1971)
 * Johnny Got His Gun (1971)
 * The War Between Men and Women (1972)
 * The Death Merchants (also known as Tod eines Fremden and The Execution (1973)
 * Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid (1973) as Lew Wallace
 * Mr. Sycamore (1975)
 * A Boy and His Dog (1975)
 * All the President's Men (1976)
 * Julia (1977)
 * Comes a Horseman (1978)
 * Hurricane (1979)
 * Melvin and Howard (1980) as Howard Hughes)
 * Raise the Titanic! (1980)
 * Caboblanco (1980)
 * The Legend of the Lone Ranger  (1981) as President Ulysses S. Grant
 * ''Fitzcarraldo (1981) (dramatically unfinished)
 * Something Wicked this Way Comes (1983)
 * Max Dugan Returns (1983)
 * The World of Tomorrow (1984) (voice narration)
 * America and Lewis Hine (1984) (voice-over)
 * Square Dance (1987)
 * The Good Mother (1988)
 * Bright Lights, Big City (1988)
 * Black Rainbow (1989)
 * Parenthood (1989)
 * Reunion (1989)
 * Dream a Little Dream (1989)
 * Quick Change (1990)
 * Empire of the Air: The Men Who Made Radio (1991) (voice narration)
 * The Perfect Tribute (1991)
 * Storyville (1992)
 * Philadelphia (1993)
 * The Trial (1993)
 * The Adventures of Huck Finn (1993)
 * Little Big League (1994)
 * The Paper (1994)
 * Crimson Tide (1995)
 * A Thousand Acres (1997)
 * The Great American West (1997) (voice narration)
 * Heartwood (1998)
 * Enemy of the State (1998)
 * Beloved (1998)
 * The Real Macaw (1998)
 * Magnolia (1999)
 * They Drew Fire: Combat Artists of World War II (2000)

Television

 * A Doll's House (1959)
 * The Iceman Cometh (1960)
 * Abe Lincoln in Illinois (1964)
 * Noon Wine (1966)
 * The House Without a Christmas Tree (1972)
 * The Country Girl (1973)
 * The Thanksgiving Treasure (1973)
 * A Moon for the Misbegotten (1975)
 * The Easter Promise (1975)
 * Addie and the King of Hearts (1976)
 * Washington: Behind Closed Doors (1977)
 * A Christmas to Remember (1978)
 * Haywire (1980) as Leland Hayward
 * F.D.R.: The Last Year (1980) as Franklin D. Roosevelt
 * The Day After (1983)
 * You Can't Take It with You (1984)
 * Sakharov (1984) as Andrei Sakharov
 * Hughie (1984)
 * The Long Hot Summer (1985)
 * The Atlanta Child Murders (1985)
 * Johnny Bull (1986)
 * The Last Frontier (1986)
 * Breaking Home Ties (1987)
 * Laguna Heat (1987)


 * Thomas Hart Benton (1988)
 * The Christmas Wife (1988)
 * Inherit the Wind (1988)
 * The Civil War (1990)
 * Mark Twain and Me (1991) as Mark Twain
 * An Inconvenient Woman (1991)
 * Chernobyl: The Final Warning (1991), as Dr. Armand Hammer
 * American Masters: Helen Hayes – First Lady of the American Theatre (1991) (voice narration)
 * When It Was a Game (1991) (voice)
 * The Perfect Tribute (1991) as Abraham Lincoln
 * Rabbit Ears: Jonah and the Whale (1992)
 * Lincoln (1992) (voice, as Abraham Lincoln)
 * When It Was a Game 2 (1992) (voice)
 * Heidi (1993)
 * The Enemy Within (1994)
 * Baseball (1994) (voice)
 * Journey (1995)
 * My Antonia (1995)
 * TR (1996) (voice narration)
 * The West (1996) (voice)
 * Truman (1996) (voice narration)
 * The Irish in America: Long Journey Home (1998) (voice)
 * Going Home (television movie - his final performance on screen.) (2000)